{"id":4285,"date":"2023-06-08T17:04:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T14:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csirt.lacnic.net\/?p=4285"},"modified":"2023-06-08T21:00:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T18:00:17","slug":"bgp-filtrar-por-tamano-de-la-red-en-bgp-he-ahi-el-dilema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csirt.lacnic.net\/pt-br\/arquivo-pt-br\/bgp-filtrar-por-tamano-de-la-red-en-bgp-he-ahi-el-dilema","title":{"rendered":"BGP: Filtrar por tama\u00f1o de la red en BGP, he ah\u00ed el dilema"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>El equipo de I+D del \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica y WARP redactaron en conjunto el presente art\u00edculo basado en algunos incidentes gestionados por el centro de respuestas de LACNIC.<\/p>\n<p>En el mundo de BGP existen decenas de maneras para filtrar prefijos. El objetivo del presente post mostrar una serie de recomendaciones para tener una red m\u00e1s estable, no perder conectividad con ciertos destino y reducir el n\u00famero de quejas en nuestro NOC.<\/p>\n<p>Redactamos este art\u00edculo luego de realizar un an\u00e1lisis profundo de la situaci\u00f3n basado en varios casos que hemos recibido desde la comunidad de LACNIC.<\/p>\n<h2>Situaci\u00f3n identificada<\/h2>\n<p>Muchos ISPs no pueden recibir la full routing table de BGP (para el dia de hoy consta de ~610.000 prefijos IPv4) en sus enrutadores.<\/p>\n<p>Lo anterior puede deberse a diversas razones:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El enrutador no posee suficiente RAM para aprender todos los prefijos (adem\u00e1s recordar que es posible que el router tenga varias sesiones BGP)<\/li>\n<li>Por ahorro de CPU<\/li>\n<li>Porque el upstream provider a su vez no entrega toda la tabla de enrutamiento<\/li>\n<li>Por simplicidad y sencillez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Entendiendo la situaci\u00f3n e independientemente de la raz\u00f3n que sea, el enrutador no aprende toda la tabla de enrutamiento.<\/p>\n<h2>Problema<\/h2>\n<p>No aprender toda la tabla de enrutamiento puede traer algunos inconvenientes parciales pero que al final trae problemas de conectividad, quejas de los usuarios, inconvenientes de acceso a ciertos sitios, entre otros.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/h2>\n<p>Imaginemos la siguiente situaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tengo un router (propiedad de EXAMPLE) en Internet que solo aprende la tabla parcial de enrutamiento.<\/li>\n<li>El router propiedad de EXAMPLE qued\u00f3 configurado solo para aprender redes \u201cm\u00e1s grandes\u201d que \/21. Es decir, aprende redes \/20, \/19, \/18, etc.  (evidentemente estamos hablando de IPv4)<\/li>\n<li>Debido a la configuraci\u00f3n establecida en el punto \u201cb\u201d, el router no aprender\u00e1 prefijos de tama\u00f1o \/21, \/22, \/23 ni \/24<\/li>\n<li>Mientras tanto en otra parte del mundo, le acaban de secuestrar su red \/21 a la empresa ACME (planteamos el caso como un secuestro pero podr\u00eda ser una mala configuraci\u00f3n)<\/li>\n<li>ACME decide realizar anuncios m\u00e1s espec\u00edficos de su red original \/21, es decir, anuncia 8 redes \/24<\/li>\n<li>Por causa de los filtros configurados por EXAMPLE, nunca ver\u00e1 dichos anuncios \/24 de ACME<\/li>\n<li>EXAMPLE seguir\u00e1 aprendiendo la red \/21 del secuestrador de la red. Lo que puede ocasionar que el tr\u00e1fico hacia ACME puede ser potencialmente secuestrado (repito, se entiende que esta situaci\u00f3n es potencial, no necesariamente el tr\u00e1fico ir\u00e1 hacia el atacante)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Diagrama<\/h2>\n<p>El siguiente diagrama representa la hip\u00f3tesis planteada en el punto anterior de manera gr\u00e1fica para facilitar su comprensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/csirt.lacnic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/201703_Articulo_BPG_AC_DG-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"442\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2393\"><\/p>\n<h2>Recomendaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>Realizaremos la siguiente recomendaci\u00f3n en base a algunas experiencias vividas, teniendo en cuenta que solo aplican al caso de cuando no se pueda aprender\/recibir la tabla completa de BGP:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>No<\/strong> filtrar permitiendo redes menos espec\u00edficas. Es conveniente aprender redes m\u00e1s chicas, es decir: \/24, \/23, \/22<\/li>\n<li>Filtrar por AS_PATH de profundidad<\/li>\n<li>Crear los ROAs respectivos a los prefijos (RPKI)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Algunos ejemplos (Cisco like)<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Solo queremos aprender redes entre \/22 y \/24 (hay otras maneras de hacer esto)<\/h3>\n<blockquote style=\"background-color: #e4e6e3; padding: 20px; margin: 10px;\"><p>\nrouter bgp 65002<br \/>\nneighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 65001<br \/>\nneighbor 10.0.0.1 route-map FILTRO-IN in<br \/>\n!<br \/>\nip prefix-list REDESCHICAS seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0\/0 ge 22 le 24<br \/>\n!<br \/>\nroute-map FILTRO-IN permit 10<br \/>\nmatch ip address prefix-list REDESCHICAS<br \/>\n!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>2. Solo queremos aprender dos AS de profundidad (hay otras maneras de hacer esto)<\/h3>\n<blockquote style=\"background-color: #e4e6e3; padding: 20px; margin: 10px;\"><p>\nrouter bgp 65001<br \/>\nneighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 65002<br \/>\nneighbor 10.0.0.2 route-map ASFILTER-IN in<br \/>\n!<br \/>\nip as-path access-list 5 permit ^[0-9]+_$<br \/>\nip as-path access-list 5 permit ^[0-9]+ [0-9]+_$<br \/>\n!<br \/>\nroute-map ASFILTER-IN permit 10<br \/>\nmatch as-path 5<br \/>\n!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Mas informaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Demostraci\u00f3n de secuestro de prefijo 1\/2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5RNSs8y8Ao&amp;t=39s\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5RNSs8y8Ao&amp;t=39s<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Demostraci\u00f3n de secuestro de prefijo 2\/2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m51WtuEZOKI\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m51WtuEZOKI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>BGP Prefix-Based Outbound Route Filtering: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/ios\/12_2s\/feature\/guide\/fsbgporf.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/ios\/12_2s\/feature\/guide\/fsbgporf.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ejemplo de configuraci\u00f3n de BGP con dos prestadores de servicio diferentes (conexiones m\u00faltiples): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/cisco\/web\/support\/LA\/7\/75\/75930_27.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/cisco\/web\/support\/LA\/7\/75\/75930_27.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Certificaci\u00f3n de Recursos (RPKI): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lacnic.net\/web\/lacnic\/certificacion-de-recursos-rpki\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.lacnic.net\/web\/lacnic\/certificacion-de-recursos-rpki<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Informaci\u00f3n General sobre Certificaci\u00f3n de Recursos (RPKI): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lacnic.net\/web\/lacnic\/informacion-general-rpki\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.lacnic.net\/web\/lacnic\/informacion-general-rpki<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducci\u00f3n El equipo de I+D del \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica y WARP redactaron en conjunto el presente art\u00edculo basado en algunos incidentes gestionados por el centro de respuestas de LACNIC. En el mundo de BGP existen decenas de maneras para filtrar prefijos. El objetivo del presente post mostrar una serie de recomendaciones para tener una red m\u00e1s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arquivo-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LACNIC CSIRT - BGP: Filtrar por tama\u00f1o de la red en BGP, he ah\u00ed el dilema<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/csirt.lacnic.net\/pt-br\/arquivo-pt-br\/bgp-filtrar-por-tamano-de-la-red-en-bgp-he-ahi-el-dilema\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LACNIC CSIRT - BGP: Filtrar por tama\u00f1o de la red en BGP, he ah\u00ed el dilema\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introducci\u00f3n El equipo de I+D del \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica y WARP redactaron en conjunto el presente art\u00edculo basado en algunos incidentes gestionados por el centro de respuestas de LACNIC. 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